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GATE GE Test Series – Geomatics Engineering Subject Wise & Full Tests 2025

As we all know this time is very precious for all the GATE aspirants so Find My Test has come up with a solution for all the hardworking aspirants out there. We have released a mock series for various GATE examinations.

Table of Content

1. GATE GE Test Series
2. GATE GE FREE Mock Tests

GATE GE Test Series 2025

This time two new examinations are added in GATE. IIT has just issued the curriculum and model question paper for GATE Geomatics, as it is a new paper. The GATE GE has a syllabus that is fairly comparable to the GATE CE. 

GATE GE Test Series

Find My Test has released the GATE Geomatics Engineering Test Series for all the aspirants out there preparing for attempting the GATE GE examination.

They will help you out throughout your preparation level. FMT has Subject Wise Tests, Full-length Tests, and 24*7 Whatsapp Support. You can contact them on either WhatsApp or telegram. Their What’s app support number is 95099-39058. 

Find My Test has a telegram group in which aspirants can discuss the examination, preparation strategies, and doubts. If you want to join the discussion group, click on the provided link. 

https://t.me/gateGeomaticsEngineering

If you are looking for GATE GE Free Mock Tests or GATE Geomatics Free Test Series, then find my test is here to help you! They also provide free tests series for all the branches for Registered Users.

You can register yourself with them to attempt the test series or mock test. You can register yourself at https://findmytest.com.

For any query-related registration, you can drop a message to them at Whatsapp: 95099-39058.

If you are eager to learn, have a look at the FMT Geomatics Schedule. The link for the schedule page of the GATE Geomatics Engineering Test Series is given below. 

Gate Geomatics Test Series Schedule

This is a very crucial time for all the aspirants as the syllabus is out for the GATE GE examination and as this is the new examination aspirants would have various issues while opting for the examination. So, it would be very beneficial for all the aspirants to register for GATE GE Test Series as the test series help you to enhance your ability. 

GATE GE FREE Mock Tests

FREE Demo Test of GATE – GE Paper

GATE GE Test Series or GATE Geomatics Online Mock Test Series is critical to one’s preparation not only because it provides for thorough revision and brushing, but also because it allows for an accurate assessment of one’s actual position in the competition.

All the best to all the GATE aspirants! Hope our GATE GE Test Series helped you all!

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GATE Application Form 2022 – Important Information

The GATE application form for the year 2022 is starting from the 30th of August 2022. The GATE examination for the year 2022 will be conducted by the IITKGP or the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The examination is expected to start in the month of February and if you are planning to appear in the examination, it is high time for you to get serious and start preparing. 

Table of Content

1. GATE Application Form Late Fees
2. GATE Application Form 2022 Important Dates

GATE Application Form Late Fees

The application portal for this year will be opened on the 1th of October. You should complete the application filling process before the 24th of September if you don’t want to pay a late fee. The last date for the registration with the addition of late fee of 500 INR (around) is the 1st of October, so be sure to get it done by then, otherwise, you won’t be able to appear on the exam this year. 

Limited Offer!! Buy the GATE test series now.

Online Mock Test Series for GATE 2022.

In order to register for the examination, you will need to have the following information and documentation with you.

  • Contact information (mobile number, parent’s mobile number, email address, etc.)
  • Personal information (name, parent’s name, date of birth, etc.)
  • Living address for communication
  • Collage’s name and address
  • Degree Eligibility details
  • Choice of GATE examination paper subject and examination city
  • Category or Cast certificate
  • Valid identity proof documentation 
  • Candidate’s photograph

To go through with the registration you need to register with GOPAS using your login details. After that is done, you need to fill up the application form with the details that they ask from you. After that, you need to upload your photograph and all the relevant documents. Make sure that the photograph you upload is a front-facing one that displays your face properly and it and the documents match the required format.  

After this, you will need to pay the registration fee, and then you can once again review your entered details. If the details need correction, you make them; otherwise, you can just submit the application form. Now you are done with the registration process of the GATE examination for 2022. 

gate 2022 application form
GATE Application Form 2022 Important Info

GATE Application Form 2022 Important Dates

All of the important dates for the examination have already been announced and they are as followed-

  • Date of the opening of the application portal – 30th Aug 2021
  • Last date of registration – 24th Sept 2021
  • Last date of registration with late fee – 1st Oct 2021
  • Display of Defective Applications for Rectification – 26th Oct 2021
  • Last Date for the Rectification of the Applications – 1st Nov 2021
  • Last date for reselecting the examination date, city or paper or making any correction with additional Fees– 12th November 2021

For additional details be sure to keep visiting the official site. You can visit the site using the following link.

Official Link: https://gate.iitkgp.ac.in

Due to the current situation with the Covid-19 pandemic, the dates of the whole examination or application procedure might change, and if it does, you can find those updates on the official site. 

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GATE 2025 Engineering Science Online Mock Test Series – Free Demo

Atmospheric Science and Engineering

Fluid Mechanics

Food Technology

Materials Science

Polymer Science and Engineering

Thermodynamics

Solid Mechanics

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Tests

GATE 2025 Humanities and Social Sciences Online Mock Test Series – Free Demo

Economics

English

Linguistics

Philosophy

Psychology

Sociology

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GATE Rank Predictor 2024 | Score Predictor

As a student, appearing for the GATE exam can be nerve-racking. You are constantly worried about your GATE rank, and there is no peace of mind within yourself. Every year this is the same problem for thousands of GATE aspirants. 

They are left in the dark about the GATE rank, and it can be a very stressful period. Is there a solution to this problem? Well, there is. In this post, we will see the GATE rank predictor and how it helps students find out their rank before the results are declared. 

The good news is that today, you can make use of the Gate rank predictor or calculator and find out your rank. That is right.

Why is the GATE a prestigious examination for students all over India?

The full form of GATE is the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). This is a digital-based examination that is held in many national centers across the country. They are mostly held in the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and the Indian Institutes of Technology.

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) that is in Bangalore, and the remaining IITs in India based in Bombay, Delhi, Madras, Roorkee, Kanpur, Kharagpur, and the one located in Guwahati. They jointly conduct the GATE Examination. 

As the examination is related to engineering, it examines the student’s ability to grasp the complicated understanding of science and subjects related to engineering. Through this examination, students can get admitted to their specialized course that they seek in the institutes. 

Additionally, they can also appear for other programs as well. Those of you who are enrolled in a postgraduate program, PSU job, and even doctoral program can appear for GATE. So, as you can see, this is a very strenuous examination that can open a world of opportunities for students, provided they succeed in it. 

What is the GATE Rank Predictor 2024?

To end the anxiety of students who have appeared for their GATE exams, the GATE rank predictor 2024 has been brought out. This tool enables students or GATE aspirants to find their ranks out before the actual results are declared.

Isn’t it simpler? 

The GATE score predictor helps you to know your score or rank that you were expecting in the GATE. Using the tool is quite simple. It does not have to be complicated at all. Once you enter the details that are asked for, you can get the score or rank. 

The tool is designed for students to find out and analyze their rank quickly. 

GATE Rank Predictor

GATE Rank Predictor

The predictors will help you to predict the expected rank you may have in your GATE examination 2024. The working is quite simple as it takes cutoffs of different colleges based on the streams, and then provides you with the eligible colleges that you may secure a seat based on your GATE score. 

How to use the score predictor for GATE?

Candidates need to follow the steps below for using the GATE score predictor:

  1. You will need to click on the GATE predictor tool depending on the service provider you want to use. 
  2. If you have not registered with the service provider, then you will have to do so in the beginning, to be able to enter your details.
  3. You can either register using your Google or Facebook account if you have them. That way, you save time, and it is easier to enter your details too. 

Once you have registered on the service provider successfully, you need to enter the following details:

  • Marks out of 100
  • GATE paper code
  • Application details (optional)
  • Candidate’s date of birth (optional)
  • Date of GATE 2024

Once you have entered all the details, you need to click on the predict my score. Next, the information is displayed on your monitor. That is the rank or score you may get in GATE. Once you have that detail in your hands, you can then find your probable score. 

This is when the actual results are announced. It is noted at times; candidates tend to enter a wrong or inaccurate details when registering. If you do so, then wrong data or score is appeared. 

Hence, to get the accurate results of yours, you may want to enter all the correct data you know. The score that you will get in GATE is based on the marks from 100. Besides, candidates can also find out the eligible institutes that are applicable to them. 

Additionally, candidates can also find the probability of PSU recruitment through the GATE as it is provided with the tool. As you can see, the possibilities of using it and the benefits received through it are endless. 

What is the difference between GATE marks, score, ranks, and percentile?

Often candidates can get confused between the terms. Please understand that the GATE marks, score, ranks, and percentile are all different terms. Hence, we have provided you with the meaning of these. 

GATE College Predictor – This tool enables you to find out your score or rank. Knowing your score helps you to decide on the kind of institute you may most likely get admitted to based on your GATE rank. 

GATE Marks – This is the mark that you score out of 100 in your examination. The GATE is for 100 marks, and your final score or rank is calculated out of 100. Of course, other terminologies are used in the predictor depend on your GATE marks. 

GATE score – The score is done based on the normalization process of your GATE marks. Your GATE score is synonymous with your GATE percentile. 

GATE Ranks – The GATE ranks are the rankings that you have received all over India. It is also known as the All India Ranks (AIR). This depends on your GATE score. Of course, it will depend on the category chosen by candidates. 

GATE Percentile – The percentile is a term that depicts your performance in the GATE when compared to other candidates who have appeared in your category. 

So, these were some of the popular terms that one might want to beware of. Knowing them helps you understand the GATE rank predictor, score, and eventually your actual rank. 

Benefits of using GATE rank predictor

  • The main benefit of using the GATE rank predictor is that it helps you learn and understand the different career opportunities you have before enrolling in your course. 
  • The calculation of stats is done in few seconds. 
  • The formula that is used is the same that is used on GATE. 
  • The accuracy is superlative for calculating the GATE 2024 rank.
  • You can seamlessly get insights of your performance in GATE. 

GATE Rank Predictor Based on Survey Form

Our Survey Form will help you to know about your expected Rank in GATE 2024 Paper. Check the Expected Rank based on our Survey form.

GATE Metallurgy Rank Predictor

Previous year’s subjects and marks

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Civil Engineering Computer Engineering Electronics Engineering Electrical Engineering Instrumentation Engineering Chemical Engineering
YEAR Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK Marks GATE SCORE GATE RANK
2020 80+ 900-1000 1 to 50 80+ 900-1000 1 to 10 80+ 950-1000 1 to 15 80+ 950-1000 1 to 10 80+ 920-1000 1 to 20 80+ 910-1000 1 to 3 80+ 950-1000 1 to 5
70-80 800-900 50 to 800 70-80 750-900 10 to 800 70-80 850-950 15 to 200 70-80 850-950 10 to 100 70-80 820-920 20 to 180 70-80 790-910 3 to 50 70-80 800-950 5 to 30
60-70 650-800 800 to 3500 50-70 500-750 800 to 5000 60-70 700-850 200 to 700 60-70 700-850 100 to 400 50-70 560-820 180 to 3000 60-70 660-790 50 to 150 50-70 500-800 30 to 1000
30-60 400-650 3500+ 30-50 350-500 5000+ 30-60 350-700 700+ 30-60 400-700 400+ 30-50 400-560 3000+ 35-60 350-660 150+ 30-50 350-500 1000+
2019 80+ 850-1000 1 to 300 80+ 900-1000 1 to 10 80+ 900-1000 1 to 20 80+ 900-1000 1 to 10 90+ 870-1000 1 to 100 80+ 950-1000 1 to 1 80+ 950-1000 1 to 2
70-80 700-850 300 to 1500 70-80 850-900 10-250 70-80 800-900 20 to 200 70-80 850-900 10 to 150 80-90 760-870 100 to 800 70-80 830-950 1 to 23 70-80 820-950 2 to 35
60-70 600-700 1500 to 5000 50-70 600-850 250-3500 60-70 550-800 200-1000 50-70 600-850 150 to 1900 60-80 550-760 800 to 6000 60-70 700-830 23 to 100 50-70 550-820 35-750
30-60 350-600 5000+ 30-50 350-600 3500+ 30-60 350-550 1000+ 30-50 350-600 1900+ 30-60 350-550 6000+ 35-50 350-700 100+ 30-50 350-550 750+
2018 90+ 900-1000 1 to 10 90+ 975-1000 1 to 1 80+ 1000 to 1000 1 to 3 80+ 950-1000 1 to 10 90+ 980-1000 1 to 2 90+ 970-1000 1 to 4 80+ 950-1000 1 to 5
80-90 800-900 10 to 500 80-90 800-975 1 to 50 70-80 850-1000 3 to 100 70-80 800-950 10 to 100 80-90 910-980 2 to 36 80-90 850-970 4 to 25 70-80 800-950 5 to 30
60-80 600-800 500 to 3500 60-80 700-800 50 to 2000 60-70 700-850 100-1000 50-70 700-800 100 to 300 60-80 660-910 36 to 3000 75-80 790-850 25 to 70 50-70 500-800 30 to 1000
30-60 400-600 3500+ 30-60 350-700 2000+ 30-60 350-700 1000+ 30-50 350 to 700 300+ 30-60 250-660 3000+ 50-75 500-790 70+ 30-50 350-500 1000+
2017 90+ 950-1000 1 to 10 90+ 900-1000 1 to 5 80+ 960-1000 1 to 5 80+ 1000 to 1000 1 to 3 80+ 1000-1000 1 to 3 90+ 890-1000 1 to 1 80+ 950-1000 1 to 3
80-90 800-950 10 to 400 80-90 800-900 5 to 50 70-80 860-960 5 to 100 70-80 900 to 1000 3 to 55 70-80 900 to 1000 3 to 30 80-90 770-890 1 to 19 70-80 800-950 3 to 30
60-80 650-800 400 to 5000 60-80 700-800 50 to 2500 50-70 500-860 100 to 1500 50-70 650 to 900 55 to 1500 50-70 660-900 30 to 1600 50-70 530-770 19 to 100 50-70 500-800 30 to 1000
30-60 400-650 5000+ 30-60 350-700 2500+ 30-50 350-500 1500+ 30-50 400 to 650 1500+ 30-50 400-660 1600+ 35-50 350-530 100+ 30-50 350-500 1000+

Papers for students to write 

S. No Papers
1 Aerospace Engineering (AE)
2 Agricultural Engineering (AG)
3 Architecture and Planning (AR)
4 Biotechnology (BT)
5 Civil Engineering (CE)
6 Chemical Engineering (CH)
7 Computer Science (CS) and Information Technology (IT)
8 Chemistry (CY)
9 Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)
10 Electrical Engineering (EE)
11 Ecology and Evolution (EY)
12 Geology and Geophysics (GG)
13 Instrumentation Engineering (IN)
14 Mathematics (MA)
15 Mechanical Engineering (ME)
16 Mining Engineering (MN)
17 Metallurgical Engineering (MT)
18 Petroleum Engineering (PE)
19 Physics (PH)
20 Production and Industrial Engineering (PI)
21 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science (TF)
22 Statistics
23 Biomedical Engineering (BM)
24 Engineering Sciences Syllabus (XE) – Any 2 optional sections
Engineering Mathematics (XE A) – Compulsory section
Fluid Mechanics (XE B)
Material Science (XE C)
Solid Mechanics (XE D)
Thermodynamics (XE E)
Polymer Science & Engineering (XE F)
Food Technology (XE G)
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE H)
25 Life Sciences (XL) – Any 2 optional sections
Chemistry (XL P) – Compulsory section
Biochemistry (XL Q)
Botany (XL R)
Microbiology (XL S)
Zoology (XL T)
Life Sciences (XL) – Any 2 optional sections
Chemistry (XL P) – Compulsory section
26 Humanities and Social Sciences
27 Environmental Science and Engineering

Is there anything new for GATE 2024?

In the interest of students who have appeared or appearing for GATE, few changes have been made to the examination pattern. 

  • Third-semester students can also appear for the examinations as the 10+2+4 has now been brought down to 10+2+3. Those of you who have completed your 10th, 12th and are studying in the 3rd semester can attend the GATE. 
  • The papers are going to be entirely objective-type questions. You will have multiple-choice questions, multiple-select questions, and numerical answer-type questions. 
  • New subjects: environmental science and engineering (ES) and Humanities and social science (XH), have been included in the system from this year onwards. So, the total number of subjects in GATE is 27. 
  • As an eligible candidate for GATE, you can opt for two subject papers from the set of combinations that have been provided.

FAQs on Gate Rank Predictor

  1. How will your marks get calculated without the GATE answer keys?

This is a ubiquitous question that many candidates tend to have. How does the marks get calculated without the answer keys of the GATE exam? The experts at the institute solve each of the questions in the papers. 

Once the answers are got, they work based on answer keys for each set. When it is over, the student response sheet is matched using the answer key. It calculates the marks in GATE. When candidate feels that there is some error in the GATE marks, they can communicate with the institute. 

  1. Is the GATE answer key reliable and credible?

The GATE answer key is reliable and credible because the answer keys are solved or got only after the GATE exam. This is done with the solutions that are solved by experts in the subjects. Based on that, the Gate expected rank vs marks are done. 

  1. Will there be any difference between the predicted and actual GATE 2024 rank?

At times, there be a negligible difference between the predicted and actual GAT 2024 rank. The Gate rank predictor is capable of showing you the GATE rank estimate only when the information for 1,000 candidates becomes available.

Based on that, the predicate rank is prepared for each set. Though there can be a minor change in the GATE rank, the figure is close to the estimate given as the number of candidates starts to increase in the set.

  1. Why I’m getting a different rank each time I predict my rank in the GATE rank predictor?

This depends on the Gate rank predictor you are using. Its results are updated depending on the real-time database. Every minute the real-time database is updated. At times, the predicted rank can change get close to the actual GATE rank.

It happens as the number of users increases. This enables your ranking to increase upon a regular interval that enables you to find out the current as well as the updated rankings. Usually, the GATE rank predicted by the system is close to your actual rank, so there is no reason to panic. 

Conclusion 

We hope you found this post on GATE rank predictor 2024 useful. Now you are completely focusing on your GATE and do your best henceforth. This is a handy tool for future students and aspirants as well.  

In most cases, the tool’s rank is close to accurate depending on the number of candidates who have appeared for the examination. Why do you want to suffer in silence, wanting to know your rank, when you can make use of this tool and find it out?

Read Also: Scope After GATE

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GATE 2025 Metallurgy Paper Survey (Predict Your Rank)

It effortlessly helps you to predict the expected rank you may have in your GATE Metallurgical Engineering paper 2025. Just fill the form and see the responses given below. The responses will give you a quick idea about your expected rank. The responses will work like a GATE Metallurgy Rank Predictor.

GATE Metallurgy Rank Predictor

Responses – GATE Metallurgy Rank Predictor

Now Predict your GATE AIR (Metallurgy) by analysing the survey reports given below.

To view the full Graph please Scroll (LEFT-RIGHT)

You can share your queries by posting comments. Our team will reply ASAP.

Related Articles:

GATE Metallurgy Online Mock Tests Schedule

GATE Metallurgy Syllabus

GATE FREE Online Mock Test Series

GATE Rank Predictor

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Scope after GATE Exam

Let’s know about Scope after GATE examination. The GATE is one of the most prestigious exams for Indian students because of the numerous options and students have after securing a good rank. Students have the option to go for higher study as well as some of the most sought after jobs. For engineering students, this exam is especially significant because securing top ranks in the GATE exam guarantees admission in the IITs and NITs. 

Scope After GATE Exam in India

The scope of the exam doesn’t end here, there also are a couple of other routes students can take and we intend to discuss those routes here.

Higher Studies

If you are an Engineering student and your dream is to pursue higher studies after your Bachelor’s degree, you should aim for a high score in GATE. Most IITs and NITs in India accept students for Master’s studies based on their performance in the GATE exam. Any top-notch Engineering colleges in India that you can think of requires a good GATE rank from their students for admission. This is why any student who wants to study M Tech. or MS should be preparing for GATE s it will be very difficult for them to get admission in a good college without an excellent GATE score.

Foreign Study

India isn’t the only country that provides admissions to students based on their GATE score. Countries like Germany and Singapore have certain Institutes that accept students based on their GATE performance. So, whether you want to study in India or another country, a good GATE exam score can help you do both. Some major Institutes that accept GATE score are Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, RWTH Aachen University in Germany, and the National University of Singapore.

Research Opportunity

For a developing country like India, research in the underdeveloped field is a must, which is why many are opting for this option out of love for their country and the subject they are studying. If you are one of these people, then scoring high on GATE can open up a lot of opportunities for you. Since most people opt for higher study and job opportunities after GATE, competition in this field is a little bit less. So, with a little effort, you can find many great opportunities to research with a prestigious organization.

Job Opportunity

Whether you want to work in a private sector or Public Sector Enterprises, a good GATE score can open up a lot of doors for you. Candidates with a good GATE score often receive offers to work for some of the best PSU organizations like IOCL, PGCIL, SAIL, ONGC, etc. Even in the private sector, candidates with a good GATE score will obviously be preferred over a candidate without one. That is why having a good GATE score is like having a bonus point on your resume. You can also get quite lucrative job offers with attractive salaries and perks after completing a Master’s through GATE.

Even if you are interested in teaching and plan on becoming a professor at any University, it is now a days required to have a Masters degree or higher. That is why having a good GATE score is almost a must when it comes to any career field.

Sponsorship Opportunities

Many preeminent Government organizations like ISRO, Doordarshan, DRDO, Indian Navy, and Army provide special sponsorships to work for them to candidates with promising academic performance. The chance of selection is incredibly more likely for a candidate with a good GATE score. Usually, candidates need to wait for a good few years after the completion of their Master’s degree for an opportunity like this. But a good GATE score can cut the waiting period and make it way shorter.

Apply for GATE Exam

As you see, having a good GATE score can boost your chances of success by a significant amount, no matter what career field you are planning to be in. So, you should start preparing for it as soon as possible. Although the exam itself is challenging, if you prepare for it with consistency and hard work, you can easily get a good enough score to get you a ton of opportunities in the field that you are interested in. Staying consistent with your effort and practicing as much as you can will be the key to a good GATE score and a bright future. The Scope after GATE is vast so start preparations for the exam.

Try it out: GATE Online Mock Test Demo

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GATE 2022 Biotechnology Syllabus Subject Wise

The study of Biotechnology deals with the study of biology and its various aspects. Those who are interested in the subject have a great opportunity in the form of the GATE exam. They can further study in one of the most prestigious colleges of India in the field of Biotechnology with the help of a good GATE score.

Table of Contents


1. GATE 2022 Biotechnology Syllabus

GATE 2022 Biotechnology Syllabus

To secure a good GATE score, one needs to be well prepared and have the basic knowledge in the field of biotechnology as the goal of the GATE exam is to test a candidate’s grasp on the basics of the subject.

Check GATE Biotech Online Mock Test FREE Demo

GATE 2022 Biotech Test Series

The GATE 2022 Biotechnology syllabus includes 6 subjects apart from the compulsory section of Engineering Mathematics. The subjects are General Biology, fundamentals of biological engineering, plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology, bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology, genetics, cellular and molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology, and other tools in biotechnology.

GATE 2022 Biotechnology Syllabus
GATE 2022 Biotechnology

The syllabus of the mathematics section is pretty similar to the rest of the papers. It includes linear algebra, probability and statistics, differential equations, and numerical methods. You need to have the basic knowledge on topics like mean and medians, metrics and determinants, limits, continuity, and differentiability, etc to ace this section.

The subject of general biology is further divided into 3 parts, biochemistry, immunology, and microbiology. The biochemistry section contains topics like biomolecules, their structure and function, biological membranes and their various related aspects, metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and amino acids, enzyme, their kinetics and inhibition, and photosynthesis.

The immunology section consists of topics immunity (innate and adaptive), humoral and cell-mediated immunity, T cell and B cell development, antibody, their structure, function, and diversity, on a molecular basis, Antigen-antibody reaction, Antigen processing and presentation, Immune tolerance, immunization and vaccines, Hypersensitivity, Graft versus host reaction, autoimmunity, Polyclonal and a monoclonal antibody, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), Primary and secondary lymphoid organs.

The microbiology section has the topics Microbial Ecology in various ecosystems like marine and freshwater, bacterial diversity and classification, microbial interaction, growth and nutrition, viruses, methods in microbiology, nitrogen fixations, Antibiotics, and antimicrobial resistance, host-pathogen interaction, and microbial diseases.

Fundamentals of the biological engineering section contain three subjects. The first of these subjects are engineering principles applied to biological systems which contain the topics Stoichiometry of growth and product formation, energy and material balance for reactive and non-reactive systems, Recycle, bypass and purge processes, and electron balance, degree reduction, and theoretical oxygen demand.

The section is Classical thermodynamics and bioenergetics with the subjects laws of thermodynamics, phase and reaction equilibria, solution thermodynamics, Membrane potential, oxidation and reduction reactions, Energetics of metabolic pathways, and ligand bindings.

The third subject is transport processes and it has the topics Laminar and turbulent fluid flow, Newtonian and No-Newtonian fluids, oxygen transfer and uptake in a bioreactor, Molecular diffusion and film theory, Mixing and mixing time in a bioreactor, Conductive and convective heat transfer, heat exchanger, Overall heat transfer coefficient and LMTD.

Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology as in the name suggest has three sections. The first of these three sections are plants, which further contains Regeneration of plants, tissue culture and cell suspension culture system, Totipotency, Hairy root culture, somaclonal variation, Protoplast, Protoplast fusion, Transgenic plants, industrially important plant production, Hairy root culture, Plastid transformation and Selection marker and reporter gene.

The second part is animals and it includes Cell and tissue preservation for animals, anchorage and non- anchorage-dependent cell culture, growth conditions, and culture media composition, Kinetics of cell growth, Stem cell technology, Micro & macro-carrier culture, Transgenic animals, and animal cloning, hybridonoma technology, and Knock-out and knock-in animals. The last part of this section is microbes.

It includes the production of biomass, production of primary and secondary metabolites, recombinant proteins and metabolites, their production and purification on a large scale, clinical food and industrial microbiology, and Screening strategies for new products.

Bioprocess Engineering and process biotechnology have three sections, upstream and downstream processing, bioreaction engineering and instrumentation, and process control. 

The topics included in these three sections are media formulation and optimization, Cell disruption, sterilization of air and media, centrifugation, filtration, Extraction, adsorption and drying, principles of chromatography, Microbial and enzyme reactors, Enzyme immobilization, rate law, first and zero-order kinetics, Kinetics of cell growth, Ideal reactors for various flow, structured and unstructured models, optimization and scale-up, microbial and enzyme reactors, valves, flow, pressure, and temperature measurement devices, Feedback, and feed-forward control, types of controllers and first-order and second-order systems.

Genetics, cellular and molecular biotechnology have the subsections of cell biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology, and molecular biology. For this section you need to study topics like Cell cycle and cell growth control, Cell signaling and signal transduction, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure, cell-cell communication, Post-translational modifications, extracellular matrix, Cell death and autophagy, protein trafficking, Mendelian inheritance, Extrachromosomal inheritance, gene interaction, linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping, Complementation, microbial genetics, Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements, genetic disorders, Chromosomal variation, population genetics, Epigenetics, adaptive and neutral evolution, Selection and inheritance, Species and speciation, genetic drift, DNA damage and repair, Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes, nucleic acids, Mutations and mutagenesis, regulation of gene expression, Non-coding and micro RNA and RNA interference.

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Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology have four sections, molecular tools, computation tools, analytical tools, and Recombinant DNA technology.

The topics included in al of these sections are Polymerase chain reaction, southern and northern bottling, DNA/RNA labelling and sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, In-situ hybridization, Gene transfer technology, RAPD, RFLP, CRISPR-Cas, Site-directed mutagenesis, Biosensing and biosensors, Sequence and structure databases, sequence analysis, Bioinformatics resources and search tools, Gene prediction, Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction, Metabolic engineering, and systems biology, knowledge discovery in biochemical databases, Metagenomics, Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, Functional annotation, Principles of spectroscopy, principals of microscopy, Electrophoresis, enzymatic assays, micro-arrays, Immunoassays, Flow cytometry, whole-genome and ChIP-sequencing, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, Restriction and modification enzymes, vectors and its various aspects, Expression vectors, Gene isolation and cloning, cDNA and genomic DNA library and Transposons and gene targeting.

These are all the topics you need to get familiar with if you are planning on appearing on GATE with the paper choice of Biotechnology. Although the GATE 2022 Biotechnology syllabus looks a bit long, you can get it done in time if you start early and are consistent with your preparation. With that best of luck with your upcoming exam.

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